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A proxy is also referred to an application called a proxy server that serves as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users could make a request for resources directly to a server, and servers would serve direct to users. Although this may be a straightforward process to grasp and use the addition of proxy servers could bring benefits such as enhanced performance and privacy, security and many more. As an additional layer of pass-through, proxies are a way to secure the internet between servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the combined package of server hardware with the software for proxy installation is typically referred as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are generally referred to as software, and as in the context of web servers. The article will offer an explanation of the two primary kinds of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the resemblance to the namesake convention.

This article will provide an idea of the types of proxy services, what their subtypes are, and how they can be useful for common setups. After reading the article carefully, you'll be able to recognize situations where it's advantageous to use proxy services and make the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy, in any situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy also referred to as an open proxy is the representative of the client in making an internet-based request to the server that originated it. In this scenario any attempts to send requests from the user are instead routed straight through the forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy acting instead of the client will examine the request. It will first determine whether this client is able to make requests using this specific forward proxy. Then, it can either refuse requests or redirect them to the original server. The client is not able to have directly access to internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows it to connect to.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet to replace an individual client and in this way it can utilize an alternate IP address to the original IP address of the client.

Depending on how it's been setup the forward proxy will offer a range of features and allow you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on the place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide centralized security and access based upon permissions, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer an administrator can allow only a few clients access to the internet through a common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the client layer which could involve a number of computers with varying settings and users you can set up a firewall set up at the proxy layer that is front.

Take note that forward proxies require manual setup in order to permit their use, whereas reverse proxies can be ignored by clients. Based on the type of IP address of a user is sent to the source server via the forward proxy security and privacy can be granted or not.

There are several options to consider for forward proxies.

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  Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx is another widely-used open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Squid: An Open Source Forward Proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the complete web server application. You can read our tutorial on how you can use Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante: A forward proxy that runs using the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP in order to be better suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. You might also wish to learn how to create an Dante proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server that handles incoming requests from clients on behalf of. This web server may include one server or several servers. Furthermore, it could be used as an app server for instance, Gunicorn. In any of these situations a request could come from a user via the internet at large. In the majority of cases it is transmitted directly to the website server hosting the information that the user is requesting. Instead, a reverse proxy is a intermediary to shield Web servers and prevent direct communication with the public internet.

From the point of view from a client's perspective the use of a reverse proxy is no the same as working with a web servers in direct contact. It's basically the same thing, however clients aren't able distinguish between the two. The client requests the resource and it gets it, with no additional configuration needed for the end user.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
  

Central security is a benefit for both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer of the webserver and not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level which may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated in the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with client requests off of web servers allows the firewall to focus on supplying the resources.

If there are multiple servers that are connected to a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, offering different kinds of services or a mix of both. They could use the HTTP protocol in the same way as an ordinary web server. However, they could also be able to use applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy software to redirect visitors to a particular server based on the service being requested, or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies may benefit from being placed ahead of web servers, by offering the capability of storing data. Massive static resources can be set up using caching rules to prevent having to contact web servers for every request, with some solutions allowing you to serve static files directly without having to connect to the web server even once. Furthermore reverse proxy is able to handle the compression for these files.

The renowned Nginx web server is also used as a reliable reverse proxy solution. However, Apache has a reverse proxy solution, it is a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy option as an additional feature for Apache unlike Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on reverse proxy features.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality as well as false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxies deal with both requests as well as responses. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to study the requirements of the app you're working on.

Reverse proxy is an effective tool when you're designing a solution to deliver web-based applications via the internet. They act as your web servers whenever you interact on the internet.

A forward proxy is helpful when it is displayed in front of customers for your own usage or in a professional context. They are a representation of your client's web traffic during any online interaction.

The practice of separating by use case, instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions will assist you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article explains the meaning of a proxy with two types being the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and an examination of the beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about implementation of proxies we recommend you learn how to configure Nginx to act as an Internet server and reverse proxy to Apache using Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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