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An proxy is also known as a proxy server. is software that functions in the role of intermediaries between client and server over the internet. Without the proxy, a user would be able to send a request to anything directly to the server and servers would serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and use however the addition of proxy servers may provide benefits like increased performance, privacy and security, etc. In addition to providing a layer of security, proxies act as a security guard for the internet between clients and servers.

The consensus is that the server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies that are traditionally referred to as software, and specifically with respect to web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two major types of proxy services: a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own use, which could be confusing due to the identical namestamp.

This article will give you an idea of different types of proxy and subtypes are, as well as their importance in common configurations. Through this article you'll recognize the situations where you could benefit from a proxy, and determine the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy depending on the scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also referred to as open proxy, sometimes referred to as open proxy serves as an agent for a user who wants to send a request via the internet to a source server. In this case every request made by the user will be handled by an forward proxy. A forward proxy in the position of the customer will review the request. It first decides if the client is authorized to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. It will then either deny any request, or redirect it to the server from which it originated. The client is not capable of having direct access to the internet; it is only allowed access to the information that the forward proxy gives it access to.

The most popular applications for forward proxy servers is increased security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet in lieu of an individual client, and could use an alternative IP address in comparison to the IP address that is used by the user.

Based on the way it's configured, based on the way it's configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features that allow you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on the location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems to offer central security and permission based access, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, administrator can allow only specific clients access to the internet. This is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls on the client layer which may comprise a variety of machines with various settings and types of users, the firewall could be placed on the front proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxies should be set up manually for use, while reverse proxy servers could be not recognized from the clients. According to the kind of IP address a client is sent to the server that originated it via the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or made more transparent.

There are a myriad of choices to be considered in determining forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx is another popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A free and open forward proxy open source that uses the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the whole web server. We recommend you read our guide on the best way to install Squid proxy to enable private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this allows it to be more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to learn how to set up the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is a web server that handles requests from customers on behalf of the server. This server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could include an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any of these instances it is possible to send a request via the web in general. Most of the time the request is made directly to the server with all the resources the user requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating your website server from communicating with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective, using reverse proxy is not different from connecting to an internet server direct. It's basically the same, but the client isn't able to discern the difference. The client requests the resource and receives it without any further configuration needed on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies offer various features, including:

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  A centralized layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Directing incoming traffic according to rules you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching is now available.
  
  

Although central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy service, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer, only the layer that clients use. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server level that could contain multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients that are not on web servers allows them to focus solely on meeting the requirements of their clients.

In the case of multiple servers being hosted through reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests to which servers. There could be multiple web servers serving the same resource, serving different types of resources or a mix of the two. They may utilize the HTTP protocol to function as a normal web server, however they could also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create a reverse proxy to route clients to particular servers based on the requested resource, or to follow certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position prior to web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent getting to web servers for every time you request. There are solutions offering the option of serving static content without needing to connect with the webserver in any way. Furthermore, reverse proxy can help compress these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. It is true that Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities, Apache web server has a reverse proxy capabilities as an added feature available to Apache however Nginx was designed originally to and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic can be confusing since both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to analyze the needs of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an important aspect in the design of a system to support web-based applications via the internet. They act as your servers when you interact with the Internet.

Forward proxy can be useful for displaying customers for personal use or in a work environment. The forward proxy is a representation of the information of the customer whenever you interact on the internet.

A distinction based upon use case rather than focusing only on similar naming conventions will help avoid confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified meaning of a proxy with two types, the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and an examination of the beneficial attributes were utilized to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're interested in the benefits for proxy servers you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache in the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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